Compare Nailing Angle for Withdrawal Strength in Framing

What happens here

Construct three identical framing test pieces using standard lumber (e.g., 2x4s). For the first, drive nails straight through the top plate into the vertical stud. For the second, drive nails at a 10-degree angle (angled nailing) through the top plate into the stud. For the third, use the toenailing method, driving nails at an angle through the side of the vertical piece into the horizontal base. Test the withdrawal strength of each by applying significant pull-out force (e.g., hanging body weight) to the horizontal top piece. Observe how much force each method withstands before the connection fails. Toenailing proves to be the most robust method for resisting withdrawal, while straight-through and 10-degree angled nails fail relatively easily.

Goal: Determine the most effective nailing angle to resist pull-out forces in framing.