Stair Treads

Begin by using a pry bar to gently lift the edge of an old stair tread. Work your way across the tread, loosening it from the riser and stringer. Repeat this process for all treads, being careful not to damage the stair structure underneath. If treads are glued, you may need to use a utility knife to score the seam before prying.

After removing the old treads, inspect the stair stringers and risers for any damage, loose nails, or debris. Remove any protruding nails using a hammer and nail set, or pull them out with the pry bar. Clean away any dust, old adhesive, or dirt from the surfaces where the new treads will be installed. Fill any small holes or gouges with wood filler and allow it to dry completely. Sand down any rough spots on the stringers and risers to ensure a smooth surface.

Measure the depth of each stair (from the front edge of the existing tread to the riser) and the width of each stair. If the stairs are not perfectly square, measure the width at the front and back and use the larger measurement for accuracy. Transfer these measurements to your chosen tread material. Use a speed square or combination square to mark cut lines. Cut the treads using a circular saw or miter saw, ensuring clean, straight edges. Double-check measurements before cutting.

Before applying any adhesive or fasteners, place each newly cut tread onto its intended stair. Check for any gaps or areas where the tread doesn't sit flush. Make minor adjustments by trimming small amounts if necessary. This step is crucial to ensure a professional finish and avoid costly mistakes later.

Apply a generous bead of construction adhesive along the top of the riser and along the stringers where the tread will sit. Carefully place the tread into position. From underneath, or through the riser if accessible, pre-drill pilot holes and then drive screws through the stringers into the underside of the tread. Ensure the screws are countersunk so they are not visible or will be covered by finishing. Alternatively, if screwing from the top is preferred and acceptable for the finish, pre-drill and countersink screws on the tread surface, then cover with wood plugs or filler.

Once the adhesive has fully cured, sand the new treads smooth, starting with medium-grit sandpaper and progressing to finer grits. Wipe away all dust. Apply your chosen stain according to the manufacturer's instructions. Allow the stain to dry completely. Finally, apply several coats of a durable polyurethane or varnish, sanding lightly between coats with very fine-grit sandpaper (e.g., 220 grit) and wiping away dust. Ensure each coat is fully dry before applying the next.