How to Fix a Leaking Toilet Base by Replacing the Wax Ring

How to Fix a Leaking Toilet Base by Replacing the Wax Ring

Advanced
30 min
10 Steps
27 items

This guide provides comprehensive, step-by-step instructions for fixing a leak at the base of a toilet. The process involves shutting off the water, removing the toilet, scraping away the old failed wax ring, inspecting the mounting flange, installing a new wax ring and bolts, and carefully reinstalling the toilet to create a new, watertight seal.

Based on content from
This Old House· 2.2M subscribers· +42 more

Best for advanced DIYers and professionals with basic plumbing knowledge and familiarity with power tools.

Tools & Materials

TARPCO SAFETY 24 ft. x 36 ft. Green/Black 7 Mil Heavy Duty Polyethylene Tarp, Waterproof, UV Resistant, Rip and Tear Proof TS-203-24x36

TARPCO SAFETY 24 ft. x 36 ft. Green/Black 7 Mil Heavy Duty Polyethylene Tarp, Waterproof, UV Resistant, Rip and Tear Proof TS-203-24x36

One tarp, endless possibilities. Tarpco Safety's multi-purpose tarpaulin cover is a must-have item for every household, thanks to its practicality and endless uses. For example, you can use this tarp sheet to cover your car. boat, pool, roof, or outdoor furniture. You can also use the tarp sheet to cover wood logs and building materials, as well as house floors when you want to paint the walls Let's not forget outdoor activities. This waterproof tarp can be used to build a canopy tent or you can use it as a ground blanket to keep your tent safe from sharp rocks and stones. Tarpco Safety has designed the ultimate weatherproof tarp cover. This heavy duty outdoor tarp sheet is built to cover and effectively protect small and large objects from all extreme weather conditions:Is it too sunny and warm outside? This tarp is UV resistant so the sun rays cannot get through it.Is it raining a lot? The protective tarp sheet is 100% waterproof so it will keep your wood logs dry and ready for use.Is it snowing? You can use the tarpaulin cover to keep your vehicle from getting buried under the snow.Is it windy? The heavy duty tarp with the 12 x 10 weave count and 100% virgin polyethylene will not tear or rip.Tying it down is going to be simple and easy. This polyethylene tarp sheet has metal grommets every 36 inches and reinforced edges. These grommets are ultra strong and they will help you tie down the waterproof canopy tarp easily and in a very steady and secure way.

Bucket

Bucket

Ideal for carrying or storing liquids.

Anvil Extra Large 7.5 in. W Polyethylene All Purpose Sponges (3-Pack) 57483

The 3 pack of Extra Large All Purpose Sponges are the perfect sponges for cleaning grout during tile installation. The sponge is designed with rounded corners to prevent digging out or marring grout joints.

Common Problems

Do not overtighten the nuts, as this can crack the ceramic base of the toilet.

Solution: To avoid this issue: Be mindful of this warning and take appropriate precautions.

Once the toilet is placed and the wax ring is compressed, do not lift or twist it, as this will break the seal and require a new wax ring.

Solution: To avoid this issue: Be mindful of this warning and take appropriate precautions.

Toilet wobbles or leaks after wax ring replacement due to improper toilet seating.

Solution: Having a second person is crucial for this step to avoid injury and ensure proper alignment.

If the flange is below the floor level, you might need to use two wax rings, but never use three. The proper fix is to raise the flange.

Solution: To avoid this issue: Be mindful of this warning and take appropriate precautions.

Tighten the closet bolts gradually and evenly. The toilet should be snug and not rock, but overtightening will crack the base.

Solution: To avoid this issue: Be mindful of this warning and take appropriate precautions.

Toilets are heavy and made of porcelain; get help lifting if necessary to avoid injury or breaking the toilet.

Solution: To avoid this issue: Be mindful of this warning and take appropriate precautions.

Uneven toilet seating can cause leaks.

Solution: Rock the toilet gently as you press down to help seat it evenly on the seal.

Frequently Asked Questions

What safety precautions are most important when handling a toilet and dealing with wastewater?

Always wear sturdy work gloves, such as nitrile, to protect against bacteria and grime. Toilets are heavy, so lift with your legs and consider having a helper to prevent back injuries. Ensure the water supply is completely shut off and the tank is drained before attempting to remove the toilet.

This project typically takes 1 to 3 hours for a beginner, assuming no unforeseen issues like a damaged flange. The material cost is quite low, usually ranging from $10-$30, primarily for the new wax ring and bolts, plus any disposable items like gloves or rags.

A common mistake is not thoroughly cleaning the old wax and debris from the flange, which prevents a proper seal. Another is overtightening the toilet bolts, which can crack the porcelain base. Ensure the toilet is seated evenly and firmly without rocking before tightening the nuts.

Traditional wax rings are very reliable and typically the most cost-effective option, offering a watertight seal. Wax-free alternatives, often made of rubber or foam, are reusable if the toilet needs to be reset and can be more forgiving for beginners, as they compress more easily without being messy. Both are effective, so the choice often comes down to personal preference for ease of use and mess.

While an adjustable wrench is essential, a putty knife is crucial for cleanly scraping off the old wax. You'll also need a bucket to catch any residual water, and a large towel or tarp to protect your floor. Having Channellock pliers can also be very helpful for disconnecting and reconnecting the water supply line securely.

If the toilet continues to leak, first double-check that the toilet bolts are securely tightened (but not overtightened). The issue might also be a damaged flange, which would require repair or replacement. In rare cases, a hairline crack in the toilet's porcelain base, often hidden, could be the culprit, necessitating toilet replacement.

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30 min | 10 Steps