Consequences of Improper Construction: Freeze-Thaw and Hydrostatic Pressure

What happens here

The presenter concludes by detailing the cumulative effects of the identified construction flaws. When moisture enters the soil behind the wall, it exerts pressure against the wall. During colder months, this moisture freezes and expands, pushing the wall outwards. This repeated freeze-thaw cycle, combined with the continuous pressure from saturated soil and the unstable base, ultimately leads to the visible failure of the retaining wall.

Goal: Understand how moisture, freezing, and soil pressure contribute to retaining wall failure.